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GenoType 4
The Explorer
Peter D'Adamo, ND, MIFHI
Copyright 2007,2008. All rights reserved.
Portions excerpted from The GenoType Diet (Broadway Books, New York, NY)
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'Responder Type'
(Reactive Worldview)
GenoType
Can Be Any
ABO Group
Often Rh Negative
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Always the paradox, Explorer is one of the very few GenoTypes which appear to have arrived at an environmental endpoint that is actually superior to the one for which there were predicated. A lot of this may be due to the complexities of the relationship between the developing Explorer GenoType and the placental interface. Although not programmed for metabolic thriftiness like the Gatherer GenoType, the developing Explorer fetus had a relationship with the placenta that almost approximates with a modern statistician might call game theory: The need to anticipate and out-guess your opponent. In the case of Explorer the opponent is the placenta itself, a device existing between the sustenance of the mother and the demands of the fetus.
When properly configured through the always tricky medium of correctly selecting of one's parents, the placenta exerts a wildly trophic, anabolic effect on Explorer, especially with regard to components that are very sensitive to a stable development, such as the tiny capillaries that are part of the blood supply network, and the interconnectivity of the hemispheres of the brain. However, in some instances it would almost appear that someone forgot to tell the placenta that it is not star of the show, and it begins to act in a rather selfish many, especially with regard to sharing one of its more precious commodities: oxygen. At that point Explorer may well be headed towards a future full of difficulties.
A further consequence of this low oxygen environment often results in many Explorer GenoTypes being ambidextrous or being left hand dominant. GenoType Explorer tends to have a considerable amount of Type I or 'juvenile' diabetes in their family lineage as well as personal health history. However, Explorer does not have a particularly thrifty metabolism, so the more common type II or adult onset diabetes is actually less common in this GenoType that on average. The same placental hostility that may play a role in Explorer type I diabetic tendencies might also explain their above average occurrences of autism, schizophrenia or epilepsy.
Although it may sound like a cliché, the phrase 'think outside of the box' really does apply to these folks. Perhaps it's because Explorers are modern day descendants of 'glacial refugees' who survived by finding their way through the rapidly moving ice flows of the Last Glacial Maximum 12,000 years ago. Or perhaps it is just the way that they are wired out of the womb.
Explorer is a predominantly Mesolithic GenoType, and reached its current worldview at a point just before the Last Glacial Maximum, about 15,000 years ago, after which it scattered to various points of refuge. It is almost always found in Caucasians, and principally in Western Europe, North Africa and the Caucuses Mountains. Always the visionary, Explorer probably had a critical vanguard role in adapting to the new Neolithic technologies as they penetrated across the Eurasia steppes and into Europe.
The early adoption of herding type animal husbandry, perhaps one of the simplest of these technologies, especially in the arboreal forests and verdant foothills of the inter glacial period was a key terraforming influence on the Explorer GenoType. The genetic memory of this persists in the mindset of the present day Explorer in the form of an almost spiritual, kindred relationship with animals of all sorts. Explorer is one those special types of people who can have a hawk perched on one shoulder while cradling a field mouse in the opposite arm and have both put aside their natural predator-prey relationship; at least for the moment. When you hear about someone who has taught their English bulldog to skateboard, it's almost always a Explorer GenoType.
Many of the nutrigenomic profiles available today test for polymorphisms (the SNPs, or 'snips') in certain genes that have been linked to disturbances in body function and which may be amenable to diet and lifestyle changes. Three of the common SNPs of interest for Explorer GenoType are variations in the genes for glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1). Genetic variations in these genes can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. These genes play a critical role in the detoxification and elimination of man-made or xenobiotic compounds from the body.
Physical Profile
The unique metabolic profile of the Explorer is manifested in very distinct physical characteristics. They are typically mesomorphs, possessing a low to medium body fat percentage, a high metabolism, and a large amount of muscle mass and muscle size. They can be rather large-boned, and the men tend to have asymmetrical, chiseled, craggy faces. Their trunk length is usually longer than their total leg length and their upper legs are usually longer than their lower.
Explorers tend towards asymmetry and often have different fingerprint patterns on their left and right index finger, one often being that rather uncommon radial loop pattern. Another asymmetry often found in Explorers is that their finger lengths tend to be backwards for their gender –men often having a longer index finger on one or both hands, and women vice versa.
A lot of left-handers are Explorers, as are people with Rh negative blood type and, although almost any ABO blood type can be an Explorer, 'Non-secretors' also are more common. The Explorer GenoType is largely a GenoType of blood groups A and O, although numbers of type B individuals with African ancestry will GenoType as Explorer as well as some northern Europeans, principally female. A common hallmark of Explorer is the interweaving of type A and O blood types in the maternal lineage, with many Explorer GenoTypes having mothers who are type A blood, but who are themselves children of mothers who were type O blood. This intergenerational A-O weaving gives Explorer its unique patterning of epigenetic silencing and activation. Other blood groups of interest that often signal the Explorer GenoType is the Lewis Double Negative and Duffy Null Allele in Africans. The MN blood grouping system and the A2 subtype do not seem to factor significantly in this GenoType.
The Explorer somatotype is typically mesomorphic to meso-ectomorphic. It is a moderately common GenoType in Caucasians, found in some Africans and other mixed groups, but is not often seen in Asians. They can be rather large boned, and Explorer men tend to have a somewhat asymmetrical, chiseled, almost craggy look to their faces; what anthropologists might call the 'Borreby,' 'Tronder' or 'Brünn' craniofacial types. Explorer tends to have an elongated torso relative to leg length. Their upper leg length to lower leg length ratio often appears balanced, although a especially mesomorphic Explorer will often have a slightly shorter lower leg length. Explorer is often brown eyed and dark haired; although it might also be possible that some of the lighter haired, brown eyed Lappish peoples may carry the GenoType world view as well. A common characteristic seen in many Caucasian and African Explorer GenoTypes is the presence of the Carabelli's cusp on the first molar, a feature not common in other hunter-herder types.
Explorer fingerprint dermatoglyphics are interesting. One characteristic of Explorer that is quite common is a difference of finger print patterns on the index fingers of both hands. Common index finger combinations in the Explorer GenoType often involve an ulnar loop on the index finger of one hand contrasted with a radial loop or arch on the other. This is almost a sure sign that the prenatal relationship with the placenta was oxygen deprived and as a consequence, acidic. If they take the time to do a careful job of things, many Explorer GenoTypes will discover that their AB ridge count is lower than average and that there is often a discrepancy between left and right palms.
Like Hunter, Explorer has a reactive, opportunistic worldview, and is in general sero-negative; i.e. having the types of genes and blood groups that are characterized by the 'missing' state. A good example of this is the Rhesus negative blood type, which is found in higher concentrations in Explorer. Many though certainly not all Explorer GenoTypes have Rhesus (Rh) negative blood or have an extensive Rhesus negative maternal parentage. Almost all Explorer GenoTypes are PROP tasters, and quite a few are actually super-tasters, sometimes complaining that they can taste the testing strips hours after its administration.
Explorer can often have variations called Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in several of the genes that are involved in detoxification. These include the genes that code for a family of glutathione S-transferase enzymes, a family of enzymes responsible for the metabolism of a broad range of xenobiotics and carcinogens. These include: the glutathione transferase polymorphisms (GSTM-1, GSTT-1, GSTP-1).
Stress Profile
Explorer has a very mystical, animistic bent. Yet while we might normally associate these tendencies with a more introverted nature, with Explorer, this is not the case. Rather, their deep seated appreciation for the flux and complexities in Nature give them tremendous power in group situations, as they better than most will almost always find the note which is the fundamental and creates a choral structure out of a cacophony. This, in addition to their great capacity for abstract thinking, marks the Explorer GenoType as natural leaders and motivators: A sort of human fugue, if you would, uniquely capable of weave sonic textures in such a way that the same note structure assumes a different melody depending on when and here you chose begin listening to it.
Metabolic Profile
GT4 Explorers are very often medical enigmas. They can be challenging to diagnose, since nothing apparent or obvious presents itself as a problem. Physically, they may appear to be in good health, but will complain of a sudden loss of energy, or a sudden inability to tolerate a certain food, supplement or drug. Explorer women often suffer from chronic yeast infections or heavy periods. Blood tests often reveal anemia, or other blood disorders.
Explorers often have problems with the liver or gall bladder. This can sometimes manifest as intolerance to fats, or sudden breakouts on the skin. Migraines are not uncommon in Explorers. Caffeine sensitivity is a hallmark of Explorers because they are almost always what geneticists call 'Slow Acetylators'-- a fancy way of saying drugs spend a long time in their livers, going round and round, when they should just get processed and eliminated. Like a man who shakes his fist at the bicycle in the road that just missed hitting him –and totally ignores the bus heading his way, the liver of the Explorer GenoType will often overreact to small levels of toxins, to the point that it lets larger amounts of toxins pass by without doing anything about them.
Explorer can have problems with certain antioxidants necessary for detoxification. They often lack adequate levels of in an enzyme G6PD (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) found on red blood cells that is critical to maintaining proper levels of the anti-oxidant glutathione in its active form. Glutathione acts as a scavenger for dangerous oxidative metabolites in the cell. Many drugs and a few foods can induce this damage to the red blood cells, which often is severe enough to cause anemia. Fava beans contain vicine and convicine which can induce severe destructive anemia in people with the G6PD deficiency. This condition, which is quite common in certain ethnic groups, is called favism.
Many Explorer GenoTypes are also slow acetylators. Slow acetylators respond poorly to some drugs and tend to show more side effects because the unprocessed chemical remains at high levels in the blood. This is because there are two versions of gene called N-acetyltransferase (NAT) which adds a small molecule, called an acetyl group, to drugs as they pass through the liver or intestine. This small molecule does a few neat things; it helps some drugs become effective, detoxifies some cancer-causing substances, such as those found in tobacco smoke or even some of the carcinogenic amines that result from grilling meat. There are several alternate versions of the NAT genes, polymorphisms that are typically called 'fast', 'medium', or 'slow' acetylators. The highest frequency of Explorer slow acetylators is found in the Middle East, one of the first regions where agriculture originated 10,000 years ago, and these frequencies decrease toward Western Europe, North Africa, and India, three regions where agriculture was subsequently diffused from the Fertile Crescent.
Explorer can also have difficulties clearing foreign or man-made chemicals from the body, often as a result of lower levels of activity of the p450 system of enzymes. The P450 families CYP1, CYP2, CYP3 and CYP4 appeared to have evolved as a means of detoxifying foreign chemicals (xenobiotics) encountered in the environment and diet. A xenobiotic is a chemical which is found in the body, but which is not normally produced or expected to be there. For example, virtually all man-made chemicals are xenobiotic. Principal xenobiotics include drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means, such as pesticides, fertilizers and hydrocarbons.
Aging Profile
A common aphorism in the military is 'Learn right in the beginning, do it right forever. Learn it wrong in the beginning, spend the rest of your life learning to do it right.' A Explorer with proper epigenetic programming will work very well and live a long and rewarding life. An epigenetically compromised Explorer GenoType will spend the rest of their lives trying to strike some sort of balance between ever shifting opposing forces. In the case of blood it could manifest as chronic anemia suddenly replaced with a lymphoma, or an iron storage disease suddenly complicated by a rapid drop in platelets. A long time ago when the sole goal was to live long enough to pass on ones' own genes to their offspring these types of gyrations may have had a fitness advantage, perhaps with regard to holding blood bourn parasites in check. However, they hold little currency today. In the case of the liver and metabolism it could involve their immune system so fixating on small amounts of one particular toxin that it ignores larger amounts of other toxins and lets these pass unmolested.
Explorers who maintain a detoxifying diet that also nourishes the blood and bone marrow will have few health problems and usually will have very little trouble attaining a healthy weight. If you are an Explorer you can modify the genes that cause poor detoxification in your own lifetime -- but even better, you can take steps to change the forecast for generations to come. With the right diet and lifestyle for your GenoType, you can be caretakers of both the young and the old. Perhaps like Simone, you may be surprised to find out that food sensitivities and toxicity are best treated by the proper foods for one's body, not just avoiding the wrong ones.
Explorers often enjoy greater longevity than the other GenoTypes. Many of the genes we typically find in Explorers, such as the Rh negative blood type, are common in areas of the world where people seem to live 'forever' ---such as the Basque provinces of Spain and the Caucasus Mountains of Asia. Explorers can benefit greatly from the GenoType Diet and should expect to lead long and healthy lives if they follow the recommendations in this book.
One wonderful thing about Explorer is that as a GenoType, they make a wonderful photocopy machine. Perhaps this is the result of their higher capacity for gene repair, or the fact that their activation and silencing patterning is so stable, but if you are looking to make a copy of a gene, Explorer is your man. Give them enough dietary methyl group donors, and watch them go. Explorer bears a striking similarity in many ways to the characterization, or dosha, seen in classic Ayurveda called the pitta, especially the mental attributes and the need for balance.
Explorer GenoTypes seem to have a good balance between proper gene repair and the ability to keep one's own risk of malignancy at bay. This is always a matter of balance, since the very telemorase enzymes that re-elongate and repair genes are often misused by cancer cells in an attempt to achieve immortality. Yet Explorer seems to accomplish this genetic tightrope walk relatively well. They seem to not only age very well, they also don't appear to come down with a lot of the more common cancers either. Not for nothing do the major genes that determine Explorer GenoType find their greatest concentration in areas of the world with legendary accounts of longevity.
Immune Profile
Explorer types like to avoid bloodshed, especially their own, since they tend to have problems keeping their blood adequately supplied with proper levels of blood building nutrients. They can often be left handed, with an 'aura' about them that often results in electro-chemical disturbances in the nervous system such as epilepsy, but other Explorer GenoTypes have their fair share of autistic tendencies, hyperactivity issues, and in extreme cases, schizophrenia and bi-polarity can result. One of the interesting things about Explorer is that their blood changes viscosity with their moods. This phenomenon, called rheology, probably occurs as a result of changes to blood clotting factors, which are often occur in far greater concentrations in Explorer GenoTypes, even when otherwise normal and healthy. Explorer GenoTypes from the Mediterranean area of Europe or the areas around Indian and Pakistan are often carriers of the gene for thalassemia (a type of anemia) which may have started out as a protective adaptation to infection by the malaria parasite.
The liver and spleen hold great significance for Explorer. Together they contribute to the health and persistence of all the cellular substances of the blood. The spleen in particular, is an important organ of balance to the Explorer. If it is too immunologically overcharged it will overreact and remove red blood cells too aggressively. Located under the left side of the rib cage, this fascinating organ has two types of tissue; red pulp and white pulp. Red pulp functions much like the labyrinth in the myth of Theseus and Minotaur. Throughout its convoluted corridors scavenger cells lay in wait. As red blood cells age and become senescent their surface appearance begins to become more spherical until finally they are engulfed by the scavenger cells and destroyed.
Explorers often have sluggish bone marrow function and struggle to keep up their white blood cell counts. This GenoType is prone to many types of anemia, such as those that result from inadequate levels of folic acid, B12 and iron and other types of anemia that result from bone marrow suppression or low levels of an enzyme called G6PD. G6PD is critical to the body because it enables the production of a critical antioxidant called glutathione. In addition to powerful detoxification effects in the liver, glutathione protects red blood cells against damage caused by certain drugs and foods.
Explorers often have trouble clearing foreign or man-made chemicals from their blood. This clearing process is called acetylation. Efficient acetylation helps drugs become more effective, and detoxifies cancer-causing substances. GT4 Explorers have problems detoxifying drugs, carcinogens, and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means, such as pesticides, fertilizers, and hydrocarbons. Because of these issues, Explorers can be quite chemically sensitive, and often react negatively to the 'typical doses' of drugs, antibiotics, and even vitamins and minerals. When using these medicines they should always start with the lowest doses and gradually work their way upward.
Functional Aesthetic
From a biologic worldview, an important concept to grasp about Explorer is best exemplified by the term dyscrasia. It is a medical word of ancient origin, meaning 'bad mixture' and was used in ancient Greek medicine to indicate and imbalance of the so-called 'four humors' (blood, black bile, yellow bile and phlegm) and was believed to be the direct cause of all disease. It is still used in medical context for an unspecified disorder of the blood.
One of the more interesting aspects of the Explorer GenoType dyscrasia worldview is the effect that it produces in their reaction norms, the expected way that they should react to challenges from a multi-system standpoint. The Explorer GenoType has an interesting glycome --the universe of all their signaling sugar molecules. Once the Explorer glycome activates, it tends to behave like a diesel engine, which was once explained to me as 'Not wanting to be turned on, and having endured that insult, next not wanting to be turned off.'
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Explorer Supplementation
Explorer Activator
Explorer Activator is rich in herbs which minimize tissue glycation and healthy blood sugar control.
Explorer Activator Supplement Strategy:
- Artichoke Leaf Extract: Artichoke leaf has a long history as a treatment for dyspesia (stomach discomfort), liver and gall bladder difficulties, and irritable bowel disease. It is a source of chlorogenic acid which has beneficial effects in maintaining helthy genetic function.
- N-actyl glucosamine (NAG): This amino sugar is different from the glucosamine in the common arthritis formulas. It has anti-lectin, anti-adhesive effects and helps maintain proper health of the liver and bile ducts.
- Milk Tistle Seed Extract: Milk Thistle is a time honord 'hepatoprotective' herb. Milk thistle has been reported to have protective effects on the liver and to improve its function. It is typically used to treat liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis (liver inflammation), and gallbladder disorders. The active compound in Milk thistle is silymarin, a mixture of at least 4 closely related flavonolignans.
- Malic Acid: Malic acid is a fruit derived acid found in grapes and apples which plays an essential role in the production of energy and helps remove high levels of minerals such as phosphorous and aluminum from the body.
- L-Phenyalanine: A common amino acid in the diet, phenylalanine help increase the health and amount of the digestive secretions used by the small intestines.
Click To Purchase Explorer Catalyst
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Explorer Catalyst
Explorer Catalyst is a combination of herbal and nutritional factors which enhance the body's natural detoxification functions.
Explorer Catalyst Strategy:
- Calcium D Glucarate: D-Glucarate is a naturally occurring substance that favors the body’s natural defense mechanism for eliminating carcinogens by inhibiting the enzyme glucuronidase. Without glucarate, the body cannot efficiently eliminate these cancer-causing agents because of the interference from glucuronidase.
- Drynaria fortunei Extract: Drynaria is the most important herb in the Chinese pharmacopoeia for healing damaged bone and ligaments. It is used in all formulas for broken bones, torn ligaments. In Chinese medicine it is used to tonify the kidneys and invigorate blood and stop bleeding.
- Glutathione: Glutathione is a dietary supplement used as an antioxidant to help protect the body from many diseases and conditions. Glutathione is used to detoxify various chemicals from the body.
- Mixed Plant Sterols: Plant sterols help balance the immune system by modulating the effects of the various chemokines (immune syste hormones) such as the interleukins. Sterols also help dampen the effects of stress by helping to normalize the healthy balance of hormones such as DHEA and cotisol.
- OPC (From Grape Seed Extract): Helps maintain healthy vascular tissue by increasing the structural strength of weakened blood vessels. OPC is also one of the most potent antioxidants known. OPC's can help neutralize the underlying chemical cause (free radicals) that promotes most diseases.
Click To Purchase Explorer Catalyst
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Explorer Synergist
Explorer Synergist is designed to offset the excess of omega-6 oils found in meats and most vegetable oils found in the Explorer Diet, which can cause them to suffer a relative deficiency of the omega-3 oils. Particularly important to good health are the longer chain omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) found in fish, especially cold-water fish such as Anchovy and Sardine--two Beneficial fish for Explorer GenoType.
Explorer Synergist Supplement Strategy:
- Marine Lipids Marine Lipid Concentrate from the South Pacific off the coast of Peru, deep ocean waters some of the purest, untouched waters in the world. This pharmaceutical grade marine lipid concentrate offers the assurance that you are meeting your requirements for these valuable long-chain omega-3 fatty acids without the fear of mercury or other free from lipid peroxides, heavy metals, environmental contaminants, and other harmful compounds.
Click To Purchase Explorer Synergist |
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